Entertainment verse Education Essay -- Essays Papers

Entertainment verse EducationA well genteel and experienced mother, Karen Springen, writes on her experience and opinion of keeping children from watching television. In the short essay Why We Turned Out Springen employs rhetorical strategies such as logical appeal, diction and persona to identify her argument. Although her arguments holds legitimate reasons to kick the age old American habit of television watching television will unceasingly be a valid social enhancer and a way for people to connect even on a simple level.Springens principal(prenominal) arguments uses logical appeal in her wish for her daughters to be physically and mentally active. One supporting fact she distinguishs from American Medical Association children watching oer 10 hours a week are more likely to be overweight, aggressive and slow to learn. Springens audience consists of new mothers deciding how the best way to prefer their child. When reading her essay they too want their child to be physical ly and mentally active and upon hearing how TV causes such negative attributes. However, she does not mention how TV...

A Response to Nilofar Shidmehrs God Existed or Exists :: Nilofar Shidmehr God Existence Essays

A Response to Nilofar Shidmehrs God Existed or ExistsIntroductionIn recent years, scientists have come to the amazing discovery that the humanity of carbon-based life in our universe is dependent upon a set of extremely improbable initial conditions. In their article, The Anthropic Teleological Argument,1 Betty and Cordell lay out some of these conditions in cosmology and biochemistry. Had various initial conditions of the universe been slightly altered, life would have been impossible. Betty and Cordell then indicate that the existence of an intelligent designer is the best translation for the universe. Needless to say, their conclusions have not gone unchallenged.Nilofar Shidmehr, in her article God Existed or Exists has presented four objections to Betty and Cordells Anthropic Teleological Argument (ATA). First, she argues that at best, ATA precisely shows that God existed, but not that God exists. Secondly, she argues that the dictum that the greater cannot come from the lesser is false. Thirdly, she argues that There is a huge difference between having an explanation and sex act that there must be an explanation.2 Fourthly, Shidmehr presents three theories that increase the chances that the universe randomly evolved for the existence of carbon-based life. Thus, there is no need to invoke an intelligent designer. Given these four objections, it seems evident that Shidmehr believes that ATA fails.In this paper, I will defend ATA against only two of Shidmehrs objections. I will argue against her first objection by video display that a sound analysis of ATA does give us reason to believe that God currently exists. Secondly, I will argue against her third objection by showing that the existence of God is a good explanation for the initial conditions of the universe. So without further adoI. God Existed AND ExistsShidmehrs first objection is to argue that there is no reason to believe that even if ATA is sound, God would not have to currently exist. Shidmehr writesIf we look around ourselves, we can see several(prenominal) well-designed buildings and goods whose occasion or designer had died the existence of a creation and the continuity of its existence, since it came to being, are not dependent upon the existence of its creator.3Secondly, Shidmehr goes on to say that there are several stories we can speculate to account for the demise of God. Suppose there was some sort of SuperGod that was unpleased with Gods creation of the universe causing SuperGod to destroy God.

Nihilism in Turgenovs Fathers and Sons :: Fathers and Sons Essays

Nihilism in Turgenovs Fathers and sons Turgenovs Fathers and Sons has several characters who hold strong views of the world. Pavel believes that Russia needs body social system from such things as institution, religion, and class hierarchy. Madame Odintsov views the world as simple so long as she keeps it systematic and free from interference. This essay will focus on perhaps the more or less interesting and complex character in Fathers and Sons Bazarov. Vladimir Nabakov writes that Turgenov takes his creature B out of a self-imposed pattern and places him in the the normal world of chance. By examining Bazarov this essay will make this statement more clear to the reader. Using nihilism as a starting point we shall look at Bazarovs views and interpretations of science, government and institution. Next we will turn to the issue relationships. Finally we examine Bazarovs death and the stunning truths it reveals. These issues combined with the theme of nihilism will dig up that chan ce, or fate is a strong force which cannot easily be negated. Nihilism as a concept is used throughout Fathers and Sons. To gain a better understanding of the ideas behind this term lets look at what Bazarov says on the subject. We base our conduct on what we recognize as useful... the most useful thing we can do is to repudiate and so we repudiate (123). The base concept of nihilism is to deny or negate, and as we learn subsequent in the same paragraph, to negate everything. With this destruction of everything from science to art there is no building for nihilists, as Bazarov says That is not our affair (126). Nihilists view the current structure of society as concerned with such trivialties as art and parliamentism while ignoring real life issues such as food, freedom, and equally. Nihilists are aware of these social woes and therefrom mentally deny to recognize any of the present authority or institutions which only serve to perpetuate a myth. Bazarov agrees with the statement that nihilism confines oneself to abuse (126). ... I dont believe in anything and what is sciencescience in the plagiarize? There are sciences as there are trades and professions, but abstract science just doesnt exist (98). For Bazarov anything that is not tangible and concrete doesnt exist. Psychology, quantum mechanics, neurochemistry would be scoffed at by Bazarov. It seems peculiar that Bazarov would say, ... nowadays we laugh at medicine in general, and worship no one, (197) while at the same time he pursues a career as a doctor.

Historical Monuments Essay -- essays research papers

Historical MonumentsWhen thinking about architecture, many visual images come to mind. The works of many are seen everywhere we go, from the average home to a virgin York skyscraper. As these buildings are fairly common to most of us, we forget to incorporate the work of our prehistoric man that gave us the foundation of early architecture. Pre-historic monuments provide us with numerous amounts information about our past and how life existed in these prehistoric times. When comparing two great works from ancient times, we will determine the primary(prenominal) reason for these buildings as well as rituals that were held and there excavations and discoveries. The passage-tomb at New Grange was constructed around 3200BC, according to archeologist. This makes it older than Egyptian pyramids. New Grange was built only by rock candys, no metals or other foreign objects were used. This site was rediscovered in 1699. Charles Campbell, landlord at time, instructed his workers to gather some stones and soon enough, the entrance of the bedroom was found. Excavations of the passage-tombs began on 1962-1975 by professor Michael J. OKelly and his wife Claire OKelly. Each year, on winter solstice, a spectacular occurrence is witnessed as New Grange is illuminated by the sun. At sunrise, around nine oclock in the morning, the suns strikes the front of New Grange creating a beam of light that stretches into the passage way and into its central chamber. This sun beam illuminates the chamber for a period of around seventeen minutes. It is remarkable how man constructed this tomb precisely to capture the sun every year with merely just stone technology and no other equipment. According to OKelly, he felt the workforce of three hundred was used to create the tomb that took around thirty years to build. The total length of the passage stretches around seventy-nine feet, and is composed of three separate chambers. There is also a great deal of megalithic Art inside New Grang e as well as its sister sites Knowth and Dowth. In fact, in Knowth, nearly every stone is decorated, and the site has been hailed as having the largest army of megalithic art in all of Europe. Over a quarter of all known megalithic art in Western Europe is at Knowth and its surrounding mounds (http// mythicalireland.com/ancientsites/newgrange-facts/art.php). The most common categories of art at New Grange are lozeng... ... "stupa." Encyclopdia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopdia Britannica subsidy Service16 Feb. 2005 .2.     "Sanchi." Encyclopdia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopdia Britannica Premium Service16 Feb. 2005 .3.     "arts, Central Asian." Encyclopdia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopdia Britannica Premium Service16 Feb. 2005 .4.     The Great Stupa of Sanchi http//rogershepherd.com/WIW/solution12/stupa.html5.     "Buddhism." Encyclopdia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopdia Britan nica Premium Service16 Feb. 2005 .6.     101 Fact on NewGrange http//www.mythicalireland.com/ancientsites/newgrange-facts/art.php7.     "Boyne, River." Encyclopdia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopdia Britannica Premium Service16 Feb. 2005 .8.     "Ireland." Encyclopdia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopdia Britannica Premium Service16 Feb. 2005 .9.     "Stone Age." Encyclopdia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopdia Britannica Premium Service16 Feb. 2005 .

Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essay

BeowulfThe poem Beowulf, translated by Seamus Heaney, is largely based around the monstrousness of Grendel and his mother. It was a baffling task for Heaney to translate the poem into Modern English while maintaining the beauty of the language and capturing the horror of the monsters. He utilises devices such as structure, literary devices and characterisation to mark the ti middleity apparent in the text. Though Heaneys writing is effective, it is impossible to use the incidents in the poem that relate to events which took place centuries ago to instil fear into the story. Though many of the issues in Beowulf are no longer relevant, Heaney is still able to capture the monstrousness of Grendel and his mother. The poem Beowulf was composed some time around the mid Seventh Century in Anglo-Saxon English. It is over three thousand lines long and stands as one of the foundation works of poetry in English. It is an inventive work where the structuring is as important as the language. Seamus Heaneys translation of Beowulf was labour intensive, slow work. He tried to pick a way through the syntax, bilk the run of the meaning establishes and then hope that the lines could be turned into metrical shape and raised to the power of verse. Seamus Heaney began his translation of Beowulf in the mid 1980s and it took him until 1999 to break capturing the beauty of the poem in Modern English. The structure of Beowulf is first involved in capturing the monstrousness of Grendel by stating his ancestry and background Grendel was the name of this grim demon pursue the marches, marauding round the heath and the desolate fens he had dwelt for a time in misery among the banished monsters, Cains clan, whom the creator had outlawed and condemned as outcasts. (Lines 102-107) After Grendels first attack the poet allows a large amount of time to pass to give the reader a sense of despair and to emphasise the impact that Grendel had on Hrothgars people For twelve winters, seasons of woe, the lord of the shieldings suffered under his load of sorrow and so, before long, the news was known over the whole world. (Lines 147- 150) The poet builds up the monstrousness of Grendels attacks by recounting them so that the reader absorbs the force of the battle. He also repeats the pattern of Beowulfs victory ie.

Identity Crises in A Separate Peace :: A Separate Peace Essays

World War II, the major historical event during the life of John Knowles, the author of A Separate Peace, started in 1939. Germany instigated the war, and shortly afterward was joined by Japan and Italy. America, however, fought on the side of The Allies, England and France. Although the United States was still recovering from the Great Depression, it entered the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. The military drafted men into the war, and women took their places in the work force, people abandoned the old way of life and looked foregoing to a new one. American literature reflects this transition, as the novels written in the post-war period are far more ambitious, expanding past the bounds of traditional literature. Modernism, a major movement at that time, was stimulated by World War II, severing ties with the past and embracing the changes of the future. *Knowles in A Separate Peace illustrates the indistinguishability crisis of teenage boys with Gene Forrester? s duplicity, Phineas? duality, and Elwin Lepellier?s insanity. Knowles reveals Gene?s hypocritical love towards his closest friends, especially Phineas (Finny). Gene attends every meeting of Finny?s ?overseer Suicide Society? during the summer session, even though Gene would much rather be studying. Gene wants to do well in school and is frisky of Finny always pulling him away from his books, however, instead being honest with Finny, Gene behaves as though he enjoys the meetings. Gene, an adolescent struggling to be sincere in his relationships, says, ?I went along, I never missed a meeting?acting against every instinct of my nature, I went without thought of protest? (Knowles 34). Gene refuses to let Finny make out how he actually feels about the meetings, and despite his outward love toward Finny, Gene allows bitterness to take root inside of him. Knowles also depicts Gene?s hypocrisy through his response to Finny?s fall. After Finny falls, Gene calmly jumps from the tre e branch into the Devon River. Later, when Finny is lying in a hospital bed, Gene misleads Finny, telling Finny that he tried to help him and keep him from falling. What Gene says is false, because Gene is, in fact, guilty of causing Finny?s fall. Gene says, ?I tried, you remember? I reached out save you were gone, you went down through those little branches underneath, and when I reached out there was only air?

My Favourite Brands

My favourite brands are NOKIA I am using NOKIA cell phone since last 6 years, still I dont deem any complaint about it, its battery life, reliability, and easy to use features are common in all the phones and its customer related services resembling once they exchange battery (CLV4) due to some technical reason, on that day itself. SONY People say that XYZ Company provides better services after sales, just I belief in SONY because if you harbour SONY gadgets you dont need services (at all in many case) or very frequently.I have SONY Walkman, Camera, Laptop but I never visited Sony service centre for the same, also Made in Japan tag play an most-valuable role to construction a brand. DABUR In many FMCG product categories and Ayurvedic products like Chayawanprash, toothpaste, Honey, Hair oil, I prefer DABUR products because it has quality products with more than 100 years of experiences also since my childhood i am using all these products so I have develop a strong taste for thes e products.REYNOLDS I have been using REYNOLDS pen since my nurture days, I tried many more pen in between but in examination or any other Test which is important to me I prefer only Reynolds pen (white body & blue cover Reynolds 045) that one I am still using. It provides you best quality at cheaper expenditure with belief of Reynolds.HERO HONDA I learnt bike with supporter Honda CD 100 SS which we have in our house 10 years ago. In those days they promoted Hero Honda as Desh ki Dhadkan that influenced me at that time. Hero Honda also have many products depends on the needs of the customers, Splendra is the most sold model of Hero Honda which I have now-a-days that gives you strength that it is most trusted bike in the market.

Characters in Hamlet Essay

Why does maven live? What purpose does one serve? What is the meaning of flavour? These are completely existential questions that both ancient and modern philosophers have yet to satisfactorily answer. The weight of ones mortality and the differences of life and cobblers last are introduced sound from the start of Shakespeares play _Hamlet_ having Hamlet, in the aftermath of his fathers death, attempt to explore these existential questions, seeking truth and understanding as he tries to grasp the anecdote about his fathers death.Claudius on the other hand is heavyly considering his actions while also enduring a very de cosmosding apprehension of life after death. Claudius acts to generate Hamlets confusion and anger, and his ensuing search for truth and lifes meaning, but Claudius himself is not a stationary character. In private, he is a very different character. It is clear that Claudius is seen as a murderous villain, but a divided villain a piece who cannot refrain from n ourishing his own desires. He is not a monster, moreover morally weak, intent on trading his hu patchity for power.Polonius is a man filled with confidence in his knowledge, and while he is a blowhard, and he does spout sayings, his cliches constitute sound advice and his observations prove themselves prophetic. In _Hamlet_, life and death provides dual influences and consequences for each of these characters, affecting both their sanitary-beings and sense of meaning. Finik 2 Hamlet is a university student of Wittenberg who frequently contemplates on several perplexing philosophical questions, and possibly suicide.When office Hamlet, his father, dies, he returns home to Denmark only to discover that there was evidence of foul play in his fathers death. _The serpent that did sting thy fathers life/Now wears his crown_. (I. V. 39-40). The Ghost of King Hamlet tells Hamlet that his uncle Claudius is the murderer. Feeling decisive, Hamlet seeks to prove Claudius guilt before he tak es all action. However, Hamlet is excessively quick to act at times he constantly exaggerates his intellect while ignoring his emotions and what feels right. Although his fathers death set high emotions for Hamlet, it serves as only one of the troublesome events for Hamlet.The fact that his mother, Gertrude, has ended her mourning and married another man (Claudius) so quickly, shows Hamlet the differences in some peoples thoughts, decisions, and possibly way of life. _Frailty, thy draw is women_ (I,II,146). In this quote, Hamlet is speaking in his first soliloquy. The women he specifically refers to is his mother. Hamlet feels that Gertrude is weak and not strong enough to mourn his father any longer. Hamlet even continues to say that not even an animal, or beast, who has no reasoning or skills, would have abandoned the mourning so quickly.All in all, this shows how angry and distressed Hamlet is by his mothers marriage. Although Hamlet appears to be the exemplar of an anti-exis tentialist from the outset of the play, Hamlets logic slowly begins to unravel, with horizontal surface after layer revealing more snippets of Hamlets emotion. As Hamlet speaks the line _To be, or not to be, that is the question_ _Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer_ _The slings and arrows of direful fortune,_ _Finik 3_ _Or to take arms against a sea of troubles_ (III,I,58-61) He is contemplating the thought of suicide and wishing that God had not made suicide a sin.Hamlets anxiety and uncertainty causes him to doubt the power of reason alone to solve his issues. Hamlet begins to realize that reason is helpless in dealing with the depths of human life, which is one of the central assertions of existentialism. However, in considering both his emotions and reasoning, Hamlet avoids the temptation of suicide knowing that to escape lifes pain, would mean to eternally suffer in hell. By deciding to stay alive and counter Claudius fraud, Hamlet strongly demonstrates his inner exist ential qualities. As Claudius is introduced, he expresses himself as an intelligent and capable leader.Claudius gives a lecture intent on making his court and country satisfied with their new leader, addressing the people of his brothers death, his recent marriage and the potential unease with Norway. Claudius is well aware that if any change would occur in the government, civil unrest would definitely unfold. His speech combines the peoples loss with a new radical that they will have under his responsibility.He also uses the death of King Hamlet to create a sense of national unification, _the whole kingdom/To be contracted in one brow of woe_ (I.II. 3-4), but in private, Claudius conceals a very different personality. The Ghost refers to him as _that incestuous, that adulterate beast_ (I. V. 42), and soon, his crime is what is known to be what is _rotten in the state of Denmark_ (I. IV. 90). The King has committed fratricide and has taken the Queen with _the witchcraft of his wit _ (I. V. 47). Claudius represents the worst of human dignity, showing greed, corruption and excess. However, Claudius is not entirely a sociopath. His actions occasionally weigh heavy on him Finik 4 _O, tis true_._How smart a lash that speech doth give my conscience _ _The harlots cheek, beautified with plastering art,_ _Is not more ugly to the thing that helps it_ _Than is my deed to my most painted word_ _O heavy burden_ (III. I. 49-53) Claudius tries to ask God for forgiveness in a soliloquy, but realizes that he still profits from his crimes and is not willing to give them up. _But what form of prayer/Can serve my turn? Forgive me my foul murder/That cannot be, since I am still possessd of those effects for which I did murder_ (III. IV. 52-54).Claudius can also how some sensitivity. He is genuinely sorry for Polonius death, and he honestly loves Gertrude. Although he strongly intends on killing Hamlet, he refuses to do so himself on Gertrudes behalf. Claudius may show sensitivit y for many characters but, nobody comes before his own desires. A coarse example of this is how Claudius does not even intend to stop Gertrude from drinking the poison in the goblet during the duel between Hamlet and Laertes because it would have involve Claudius in his plot to kill Hamlet. Therefore, putting his desires in front of all.Whereas most other characters in _Hamlet_ are preoccupied with ideas of justice, revenge, and moral balance, Claudius is decided upon maintaining power. Polonius, a man brimming with confidence, seems like a feeble old man who cannot say anything without attempting a great speech. At other times, it feels as if though he is Finik 5 undermining the life of the court through a network of spies. When Polonius finds his son Laertes, before leaving for France, he urges him _aboard, aboard_ (I. III. 55), but proceeds to prevent him from boarding by better-looking some advise.This speech concludes with the message- _to thine own self be true/thou canst n ot then be false_ (I. III. 79-80). Yet, sometime later, Polonius is ordering Reynaldo to spy on Laertes and deliberately trap him by deceit _and there put on him what forgeries you please_, (II. I. 19-20) meaning to be false, to say that Laertes is into _drinking, fencing, swearing, quarrelling, and drabbing_ (II. I. 26-27). Contrary to what Polonius has told Laertes, he is telling Reynaldo to be false and that his _bait of untruth takes this carp of truth_ (II. I. 63).In all, Polonius is concerned about his own reputation more than the feelings and well-being of others. He puts plenty of effort into earning what he thinks is right and uses long speeches to lead others. In the end however, he is killed by one of his own ingenious plans. Hamlets perpetual reflection does finally help him to overcome his great anxiety. When he returns from exile in Act V, Hamlet appears to be very different. He is calm and less afraid of death. He has come to realize that urgency is ultimately con trolling all of our lives, and any sense or question of existentialism would change nothing.Hamlet is ready to confront the circuitous truth that to penalize his fathers death he must commit the same act for which he seeks revenge. He now admits that he knows nothing of the world, _since no man knows aught of what he leaves, what ist to leave betimes? Let be_. (V. II. 207-208). Hamlet has reached the climax of his philosophy he has prepared himself for death. Claudius is the villain of the piece, as he admits to himself _O, my discourtesy is rank it smells to heaven_ (III,III,40). His fratricide is the corruption invading the events around that which is, in the speech communication of Marcellus, _rotten in the state of Denmark_. Claudius is socially capable, and his charm is natural. He can exhibit deep distress Finik 6 over his _dear brothers death_ but quickly turns mourning into celebration and moves on _With mirth in funeral and with dirge in marriage_ to whatsoever lies a head. He is a very decisive man and recognizes that he his _offense is rank_ and _smells to heaven_, he also admits that he will not make amends with God because he refuses to give up what his crime has profited him. He is willing to take the consequences of his actions after death while enjoy a great lust of power in life. Despite the vast amount of experience, Polonius is naive.Polonius inability to understand Hamlet reflects his ability to understand things. To prove his belief in Hamlets madness he invokes a little play-acting from Ophelia. He misdirects Ophelia into reading a book to confront Hamlet, while he and the King eavesdrop. Although this meeting reveals that Polonius has made a great mistake, he is not in the least discouraged but immediately sets up his next plot. It proves to be his last because he is killed. If he had not misjudged Hamlet he would not have been pursuing his ill-founded suspicions and been behind the arras and gotten himself killed.In _Hamlet_, life and death provides multiple influences and consequences for each of these iii characters, affecting both their well-beings and sense of meaning. In the end, Hamlet finally recognizes that life is governed by flock itself, and that no alteration can be done with any amount of questions or actions. He awaits death at a moments notice. Claudius on the other hand, has accepted the fact that he will suffer after death in hell. He is not willing to capitulate his power and therefore decides to live his life the way he wants, knowing that he has committed crimes to others.His meaning in life is to live life to the fullest and accept what may happen after death. Polonius acts like a fool, attempting to rival the other main characters by using eloquent words that do not represent what truly composes him, making him a hypocrite. While he depends upon his memory, he utters lengthy phrases, and gives useful counsel, but, as he ages, he cannot Finik 7 be kept busy and intent, Polonius is subje ct to the desolation of his capabilities. He loses the order of his ideas, and entangles himself in his own thoughts. The meaning of life for Polonius may seem unclear, or entangled.He means well for his children but also takes thoughts too far and may seem to over think. He is ignorant in foresight and the idea of second childhood engulfing upon wisdom will solve all of the phenomena for Polonius. In the end, Hamlet, Claudius, and Polonius have all expressed what their true meaning in life is. Whether it be to accept destinys fate, avoid suffering after death, or, to act foolishly and hypocritically, life and death has most definitely forged a path for all three of these characters. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. _Hamlet. _ Ed. Roma Gill. Glasgow Bell and Bain Ltd. 2009.

American Agriculture

Analyze the ways in which technology, government policy, and economic conditions changed the Statesn tillage in the period of 1865-1900. in your answer, evaluate farmers response. The period of 1865-1900 was one of the most crucial times in American history. It was a time period, in which America was m remaindering, repairing, improving, reshaping, and reconstructing its society, economy, culture, and policies. Basically it was changing everything it stood for. This continual change can be seen in the following events that took place during this time.These events are both causes and effects of why America is what it is today. During the accomplished War the economy in the North boomed a continuation of the industrial advances from the 1840s. Technology was rapidly moving, economic conditions were rapidly changing, everything in the United States was boomingpopulation, expansion, industries, etc. Technology was belike the most vital aspect of this time period. Railroads was/is th e most influential thing that happened to the United States. If it wasnt for railroads, America wouldnt be what it is today.The railroads were a positive chain reaction. It changed American tillage, delivering goods from state to state, sea to shining sea, etc. Railroads opened and expanded business in the Far West, where not much has been developed. on that point was much controversy concerning government policy and economic control. Individual enterprises fought diligently to dominate economic affairs but the government was obligated to intervene when dirty activity was apparent. It was unanimously believed, among businessmen, that the government should have very little say in economic issues, the basis for Laissez-Faire.Laissez-Faire was definitely incorporated in every issue concerning government policy. Many people are outraged with the political speakers. The people are saying that the political leaders have misled them. The Interstate physician Act was enacted to limit th e freedom and wrongful capital gain of railways to benefit the people. The Senate passed the Sherman Antitrust Act, heavily influenced by the monopolies. The purpose of the act was to oppose the combination of entities that could potentially harm competition. Economic conditions during this time period were extreme.The Depression of 1893 was the most serious blow to the United States politics during the Gilded Age was the five-year depression that began in 1893. When the Philadelphia & variant Railroad collapsed, a stock market panic ensued. Banks, railroads, & businesses closed, 20% unemployment led to 1,400 labor strikes in 1894. Coxeys Army in 1894 demanded government action to end the depression & job creation programs. Technology, government policy, and economic conditions changed American agriculture for better and for worse.Farmers had many problems during this time. Farmers were plagued by falling prices, high railroad & mortgage rates, & deflationary policies. Farmers usua lly lashed out at Eastern bankers, railroads, and U. S monetary policies, as well as the continued debate over gold and silver currency. Farmers were broadly outraged about overproduction and how they dont earn enough. There is a lot of supply, but the demand is very low. This time period was probably one of the most changing times in American History.American AgricultureTechnology, government policy, and economic conditions changed American agriculture in the period of 1865-1900 in numerous ways. In the late 19th century, new farm machinery made a huge impact. It gave farmers the opportunity to produce more crops then they ever previously been able to produce. Railroads also had an effect on the agriculture. They charged farmers fees that they were barely ever were able to pay back. The industry played a role in which they created monopolies and gained great amount of wealth which dominated the farmers.The monetary policy along with the steadily dropping prices of agricultural p roduce led farmers further into debt, eventually producing outcomes such as the crop-lien system and sharecropping. All of these tie into government policy, which, more often than not, favored the large and wealthy industries and monopolies over the farmers. Over the period of 1865-1900, Document A shows that agriculture was steadily declining. Wheat went from $2. 16 a bushel to $. 62. Cotton and corn both declined also, dropping from $. 83 to $. 10 a pound and $. 52 to $. 35 a bushel, respectively.Farmers were gradually losing profit from their produces. They thought they could compensate by producing more and more products, but this eventually caused overproduction and the prices hastily fell. Document A shows the flair of overproduction. Document G shows that all of the farmers difficulties could not just be blamed on overproduction alone. Railroad technology grew between 1870-1890 as Document B points out. As farmers exhausted soil in the eastern and central parts of the countr y, they had to continue spreading westward. As they expanded farther west, they reluctantly became more subordinate on the railroads.

Mf0010

Master in Business Administration Semester3 MF0010 Security Analysis and Portfolio focussing 4Credits (Book ID B1208) Assignment Set- 1 (60 Marks) Q. 1 Frame the inductment process for a person of your age group. Ans- It is r are to find investors investing their entire savings in a single security. Instead, they tend to invest in a group of securities. Such a group of securities is called a portfolio. Most pecuniary experts seek that in order to minimize risk an investor should hold a well-balanced investing portfolio.The investment process describes how an investor must go about making. Decisions with regard to what securities to invest in while constructing a portfolio, how extensive the investment should be, and when the investment should be made. This is a procedure involving the following five steps Set investment polity Perform security analysis Construct a portfolio Revise the portfolio Evaluate the performance of portfolio 1. Setting Investment Policy This init ial step determines the investors objectives and the make sense of his investable wealth.Since there is a positive relationship between risk and return, the investment objectives should be stated in terms of both risk and return. This step concludes with the summation allocation decision identification of the potential categories of financial pluss for consideration in the portfolio that the investor is going to construct. Asset allocation involves dividing an investment portfolio among different asset categories, such as stocks, bonds and cash. The asset allocation that works best for an investor at any given point in his life depends largely on his time horizon and his capability to tolerate risk.Time Horizon The time horizon is the expected number of months, years, or decades that an investor will be investing his m 1y to achieve a particular financial goal. An investor with a longer time horizon may feel more comfortable with a riskier or more volatile investment beca imple ment he bottom of the inning ride out the slow economic cycles and the inevitable ups and downs of the grocery stores. By contrast, an investor who is saving for his teen-aged daughters college education would be less likely to take a large risk because he has a shorter time horizon.Risk Tolerance Risk tolerance is an investors ability and willingness to lose some or all of his lord investment in exchange for greater potential returns. An aggressive investor, or one with a high-risk tolerance, is more likely to risk losing money in order to get better results. A conservative investor, or one with a low-risk tolerance, tends to favour investments that will preserve his or her original investment. The conservative investors pass off a bird in the hand, while aggressive investors seek two in the bush. While setting the investment policy, the investor also selects the portfolio management style (active vs. assive management). agile Management is the process of managing investment portfolios by attempting to time the mart and/or select undervalued? stocks to buy and overvalued? stocks to sell, based upon research, investigation and analysis. Passive Management is the process of managing investment portfolios by trying to match the performance of an index (such as a stock market index) or asset class of securities as closely as possible, by holding all or a representative sample of the securities in the index or asset class.This portfolio management style does not use market timing or stock selection strategies. 2. Performing Security Analysis This step is the security selection decision Within apiece asset type, identified in the asset allocation decision, how does an investor select which securities to purchase. Security analysis involves examining a number of individual securities within the broad categories of financial assets identified in the previous step. One purpose of this exercise is to identify those securities that currently appear to be mis wo rthd.Security analysis is done either using Fundamental or skilful analysis (both have been discussed in subsequent units). Fundamental analysis is a method used to evaluate the price of a security by perusing the financial data of the issuer. It scrutinizes the issuers income and expenses, assets and liabilities, management, and position in its industry. In other words, it focuses on the basics? of the business. Technical analysis is a method used to evaluate the worth of a security by studying market statistics. Unlike fundamental analysis, technical analysis disregards an issuers financial statements.Instead, it relies upon market trends to ascertain investor sentiment to predict how a security will perform. 3. Portfolio Construction This step identifies those specific assets in which to invest, as well as determining the proportion of the investors wealth to put into each one. Here selectivity, timing and diversification issues are addressed. Selectivity refers to security an alysis and focuses on price movements of individual securities. Timing involves forecasting of price movement of stocks relative to price movements of fixed income securities (such as bonds).Diversification aims at constructing a portfolio in such a way that the investors risk is minimized. The following table summarizes how the portfolio is constructed for an active and a unresisting investor. pic 4. Portfolio Revision This step is the repetition of the three previous steps, as objectives might change and previously held portfolio might not be the optimal one. 5. Portfolio performance military rating This step involves determining periodically how the portfolio has performed over some time period (returns earned vs. risks incurred). Q. From the website of BSE India, explain how the BSE Sensex is calculated. Ans- SENSEX is calculated using the Free-float marketplace Capitalization methodology, wherein, the level of index at any point of time reflects the free-float market value of 30 component stocks relative to a base period. The market capitalization of a community is determined by multiplying the price of its stock by the number of shares issued by the company. This market capitalization is further multiplied by the free-float factor to determine the free-float market capitalization.The base period of SENSEX is 1978-79 and the base value is 100 index points. This is often indicated by the notation 1978-79=100. The calculation of SENSEX involves dividing the free-float market capitalization of 30 companies in the proponent by a number called the Index Divisor. The Divisor is the only link to the original base period value of the SENSEX. It keeps the Index comparable over time and is the adjustment point for all Index adjustments arising out of corporate actions, replacement of scrips etc.During market hours, prices of the index scrips, at which latest trades are executed, are used by the trading system to calculate SENSEX on a continuous basis. Dollex -30 BSE also calculates a dollar-linked version of SENSEX and historical set of this index are available since its inception. (For more details click Dollex series of BSE indices) SENSEX Scrip Selection Criteria 1. Equities of companies listed on Bombay Stock Exchange Ltd. (excluding companies classified in Z group, listed mutual funds, scrips suspended on the last sidereal day of the month prior to review date, scrips objected by theSurveillance department of the Exchange and those that are traded under permitted category) shall be considered eligible 2. Listing History The scrip should have a listing history of at least three months at BSE. An exception may be granted to one month, if the average free-float market capitalization of a newly listed company ranks in the top 10 of all companies listed at BSE. In the event that a company is listed on account of a merger / demerger / amalgamation, a minimum listing history is not required. 3.The scrip should have been traded on each and every trading day in the last three months at BSE. Exceptions can be made for extreme reasons like scrip suspension etc. 4. Companies that have reported revenue in the latest four quarters from its core activity are considered eligible. 5. From the list of constituents selected through Steps 1-4, the top 75 companies based on free-float market capitalisation (avg. 3 months) are selected as well as any additional companies that are in the top 75 based on full market capitalization (avg. months). 6. The filtered list of constituents selected through Step 5 (which can be greater than 75 companies) is then ranked on absolute turnover (avg. 3 months). 7. some(prenominal) company in the filtered, sorted list created in Step 6 that has Cumulative Turnover of 98%, are excluded, so long as the remain list has more than 30 scrips 8. The filtered list calculated in Step 7 is then sorted by free float market capitalization. Any company having a weight within this filtered constituent list of

Compare the State and National government Essay

In many ways, the structure of state governments and the national government mirror each another(prenominal). In this forum section, each student is to look into one state government and compare it to the national government. Next, explain to the class if you think that the state you researched has a good form of democratic government. Hint an encyclopaedia at home, at a library or an internet search would help. Lastly, please remember to cite your research source.Each state has its own character based on its distinctive history and needs. A states constitution is similar to that of the national Constitution nevertheless, the laws made in individual states apprisenot contest with the national Constitution or national laws. Ive decided to research the newborn Jersey State government and compare it to the national government. The government of the State of New Jersey, like that of the United States, is divided into three branches. Those three branches are the legislative, the ex ecutive, and judicial.The chieftain function of the Legislature is to enact laws. The Legislature consists of two Houses. Those 2 houses are a 40-member Senate and an 80-member General Assembly. The Senate and Assembly chambers are located in the State House in Trenton.The Executive Branch carries out programs established by law. The chief of the executive branch is the governor. The governors office is located in the State House in Trenton. The governor signs bills into law or vetoes them. He can also recommend laws and c only the legislature into special session. The governor has the power to grant pardons and is the only person with the authority to call in the National Guard.The terrace Branch punishes violators, settles controversies and disputes, and is the final authority on the meaning and constitutionality of laws. The Judicial Branch decides how state laws should be applied. The governor appoints judges to the Supreme and Superior courts with the Senates approval.I belie ve that NJ has a good democratic government. I can appreciate the way each branch of government keeps and eye on the other branch through checks and balances. I think its great that we have the power to elect people into office and that there are several types of offices where the people all work together.Works citedUsinfo.state.govNj.gov

Power & Duties of a Social Worker Essay

This base discusses and explores some(prenominal) nerve studies in order to visualize the powers and duties a cordial worker acting in a statutory capacity might exercise in these cases, how might they be exercised and how might wider principles of public assistance law impact on their decision making? It also analyses the tensions and dilemmas that may exist, referring to specific legislative provisions, and identify how anti-oppressive practice might persuade the resolution of these case studies. It also demonstrates an ability to study relevant law in social work practice and have a critical and analytical understanding of the inspection and repair delivery standards and powers and duties of social workers, demonstrate a working knowledge and understanding of key argonas of welf atomic number 18 law that are significant to emolument users analyses the tensions and dilemmas that arise in the implication of the law in social work practice and be able to demonstrate a commit ment to the anti-oppressive practice of social work law.This paper is cogitateed on twain separate case studiesFirst Case Study Jack and Lauren have two Children named as Makayla time-worn 18 Months and Christopher aged 5 years. The local Authorities and Childrens Services have a referral from a relative who is concerned that the Children had witnessed Jack and Lauren fighting. What is frequently Jack brings people spinal column to the house who drink heavily and Lauren has left the electric shaverren alone at least twice to get drugs. When seen the children appear adequately dressed, clean, healthy and outgoing, and Christopher is attending condition approximately days. The house is sparsely furnished except tidy and there appear to be a small number of toys. Makayla may have a breeding delay. She also may have difficulties with hearing and vision, which have meant numerous medical appointments, some of which have been missed.Second Case Study Gracias speaks with pride o f her house in which she and her husband raised seven children and points to the antiques she has collected. She knows the history of all the antiques she has had longest, precisely she looks troubled when asked about other items. Her eldest son has looked after her since he retired. She has eleven grandchildren, but she cannot remember their names. He moved in with her after she left the gas on twice and let a stranger into the house. He fells she could benefit fromre-housing since a stroke affecting her left arm and leg means she struggles with the stairs and with bathing, and recently she has begun to become incontinent at night. On the other hand, she still tends to her antiques with undischarged bursting charge. He is also concerned that she is still managing her large account of savings and shares, which he will aim to have access to if he keeps her at home.These two case studies are mainly different from each other if we study them with practical approach but certain thin gs can be discussed simultaneously for the both cases i.e. family, approach towards the care of children, approach towards the looking after the parents, affects on children when they are ignored.Defining the FamilyA family becomes a family when two or more individuals have decided they are a family, that in the intimate, here-and-now environment in which they gather, there is a sharing of emotional needs for closeness, of living space which is deemed home, and of those roles and tasks necessary for meeting the biological, social and psychological requirements of the individuals involved.For our purposes in this text we mean by family two or more people in a committed relationship from which they derive a aesthesis of identity element as a family, thus including nontraditional family forms that are outside the traditional legal perspective families not cogitate by blood, marriage, or espousal (Cohen, S., and T. A. Wills. 1985 85)The accede of marriageThe family, marriage, and the individual are inextricably interwoven. This simple fact constitutes a study conceptual and practical problem when considering the prospect of intervention in a marital problem, for it militates against clarity of thought and purpose.Certainly, conceptual distinctions can be made, and these are of central importance in the attempts of social scientists to shed light on the dynamics of family life but much(prenominal)(prenominal) distinctions tend to rely upon the identification of boundaries that are perhaps seldom recognized, let alone drawn, by the individual experiencing the realities of marital and family life. As the father of modern family studies, Whittaker, J. K. and J. Garbarino. (1983) observed,We know too much about the family to be able to study it both objectively and easilySome family needs could be considered as being met through a combination of expressive and instrumental functions, such as child care, and health-related supports. This applies on both Case Stu dies.In breed with the preceding(prenominal), and in recognition of the diversity of contemporary society, we should emphasize that respect for diversity requires that family be defined openly and broadly so as to include whomever the family itself- with its funny culture, circumstances, and history-designates (Allen and Petr 19988).Practitioners should be prepared to understand and account for the special needs of minorities. As reflected throughout this volume, this means that we need to consider carefully in our practice the dimensions of career and ethnicity, including not only their significance for tender functioning but also their impact on service delivery. In this regard, Pecora, P. J., W. R. Seelig, F. A. Zirps, and S. M. Davis, eds. (1996) assert Training practitioners for competence with different populations is high on the list of corrective initiatives to address inadequacies in social work practice. A critical component of such training is learning how to move on the swell up-being of children and families.Promoting Child and Family Well-Being in Perspective of 1st Case StudyTo aid in our understanding of what families and children need to thrive in our society, we have essential a framework of needs and resources for family and child well-being. The framework is organized as a triangle depicting the three interrelated aspects of child and family wellbeing What children need for their optimal Development, What families need to survive and fulfill their functions successfully, and The neighborhood, community, and environmental resources that families and their children require.At the center of the model is the boilersuit goal for family-centered social work practice safeguarding and promoting the well-being and wellbeing Law of children and their families. We will refer to this framework throughout the paper, so as to highlight key points about promoting child and familywellbeing and safety as well as delineate guidelines and principl es for assessment and intervention. The model draws from the contributions of a number of sources in an attempt to show the range of interrelated family and child needs that, when met, promote optimal functioning and development.Resilience, Coping, and AdaptationIn their work with children and families, practitioners can be guided by knowledge regarding resilience, coping, and adaption-key constructs in understanding human beings and human behavior. Before elaborating on each of these constructs, it is serviceable to consider the competence centered perspective on social work practice, which can serve as a frame of reference for practitioners.Competence-Centered Perspective & Principles of benefit LawThe competence-centered perspective builds upon ecology as a metaphor guiding the study of the interactions between living organisms and their environments (Bronfenbrenner 1979). In particular, such a metaphor calls attention to the influence of external environments on the functioni ng of families as contexts of human development (Bronfenbrenner 1986723). As an orientation to practice, ecology athletic supporters us to appreciate that human beings are engaged in continuous transaction with their environment furthermore, the ecological view provides insight into the nature and consequence of such transactions both for human beings and for the physical and social environments in which they function (Germain and Gitterman 19965-19).Evaluation in perspective of Case Study 2By offering a broad conceptual lens to view human functioning and needs, ecology underscores that social work intervention should address the interface between human beings and their impinging environments practitioners focus on improving the transactions between people and environments in order to enhance adaptive capacities as well as enrich environments for all who function within them (Germain and Gitterman 1996).In using such an orientation, practitioners can help mobilize the actual and po tential strengths and resources of individuals, families, and groups while simultaneously seeking to render environments more responsive to the adaptive and coping needs of human organisms (Kagan, S. L. 1995). In addition, workers are helped to understand the relationshipsbetween families and their environments and identify the significant sources of support as well as stress and conflict. They can then assess more objectively the confused personal and environmental factors affecting parents and children and arrive at more appropriate treatment plans and recommendations.The competence perspective draws from ego psychology psychodynamic psychology and learning, developmental, and family systems theories. In social work as in other fields, competence is generally defined as the repertoire of skills that enable the person to function effectively. However, a distinction should be made between the notion of discrete competencies or skills and the broader, ecological or transactional con cept of competence. The latter may be defined as the conclusion of the interplay among A persons capacities, skills, potentialities, limitations, and othercharacteristics. A persons motivation-that is, her or his interests, hopes, beliefs, andaspirations, and the qualities of the persons impinging environment-such as socialnetworks, environmental demands, and opportunities (Maluccio 1981). deform, essay, and Protective Factors in perspective of some(prenominal) Case StudiesIn the course of their development, families and children encounter a variety of stresses and risks that need to be considered in any interventive plans or work. filter and risk are closely related concepts. As Roskies (1991412) indicates, In spite of its widespread use, there is no single, precise definition of the term stress. Saleebey, D. (2002) who is regarded as the father of modern stress theory, focuses on physiologic reactions of the human organism in its struggle to resist noxious stimuli or stressor s. Along with other theorists, Locke and Taylor (1991157) define stress as the emotional response, typically consisting of caution and/and anxiety and associated physical symptoms resulting from perceived threats to ones well-being or selfesteem. We think of stress as inner tension or strain produced in the human being in response to any one or more factors.Risk has been defined as any influence that increases the probability of onset, diversion to a more serious state, or the maintenance of a problem condition (Fraser 1997a3). Risk or vulnerability represents a heightened probability of negative outcome based on the presence of one or more factors such as genetic, biological, behavioral, socio-cultural, and demographic conditions, characteristics, or attributes (Fraser 199710). Examples of environmental risks are family dysfunction, child abuse, agnatic illness, and, above all, poverty.Protective factors are those internal and external forces that help children resist or amelior ate risk (Fraser 1997a13). Rutter (1985600) further defines protective factors as influences that modify, ameliorate, or alter a persons response to some environmental hazard that predisposes to a maladaptive outcome. Problem-solving skills, a sense of self-efficacy, and an internal locus of control are examples of internal forces found in resilient children and youths. Examples of external forces are the strong family presence of a caring, supportive adult in the family and a safe and supportive school set- ting.As Benard (1997) explains, schools can provide a protective environment for many youths and children through the caring and support and high expectations of teachers and other school personnel as well as the opportunities available for meaningful participation in the life of the classroom, school, or community.Under certain conditions the interplay between risk factors and protective mechanisms leads to successful coping and adaptation An individual is able to cope so long as the balance among risks, stressful life events, and protective factors is manageable. But when risk factors and stressful life events outweigh the protective factors, even the most resilient children can develop problems (Werner 198980).Through her longitudinal, life span study of 618 children, Werner (1994 and 1995) has demonstrated the role of protective factors within the family and community, such as socioeconomic supports, in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. As considered in subsequent chapters, social workers can play important roles in promoting resilience in children and youths. In particular, in conjunction with the concepts delineated in the preceding section, the constructs of risk, stress, and protective factors suggest several interrelated themes that can help guide social work practice withfamilies and children humanity beings are engaged in ongoing, dynamic transactions with theirenvironment and in a continuous process of growth and adaptation. Human beings are open systems that are spontaneously active andmotivated to achieve competence in their coping with life demands and environmental challenges. Varied environmental opportunities and social supports are necessary tosustain and promote a human beings efforts to grow, to achieve self-fulfillment, and to contribute to others. Appropriate supports should be matched to the human beings changingqualities and needs in order to maximize the development of her or hiscompetence, identity, autonomy, and self-fulfillment.Intergenerational Aspects and Principles of Welfare Law In perspective to Case Study 2Throughout human history and across societies, parents have relied on the extended family, peculiarly grandparents, for help in care of their children. Such reliance is becoming increasingly problematic, due to such factors as the geographic mobility of families and, above all, growing societal problems in such areas as housing, poverty, substance abuse, and family violence. In addition, there is an increasing proportion of mothers at an archeozoic age, including early adolescence the families of these young mothers are often struggling with their testify issues, problems, and challenges.It has been estimated that, as of the early 1990s, between 2.3 and 4.3 million children lived in the homes of relatives without their parents (Everett 1995). The U.S. Bureau of the Census (1995) reports that approximately 3.9 million children were being raised in grandparent-headed households in 1995. While kinship caring is more common among families of color, it is seen also among white families. As extensively considered by Hegar and Scannapieco (1999), kinship care is a complex phenomenon-whether provided through informal arrangements or through state supervision. According to these authors, among the issues to be considered are thefollowing How should formal kinship care differ from informal care arranged by the families? Should kinship care be classified as all out-of-home care or family preservation? Should nurture families licensure or certification be required of kinship families?How long should the state support placement with kin?In view of the above, practitioners need to give increased attention to the intergenerational aspects of family and child Welfare Law services. In particular, agency policies and programs should recognize the essential role of grandparents in caring partially or fully for their grandchildren, including teenage granddaughters who are pregnant or have children of their own. Since they face multiple tasks during a pivotal phase of their own development, parenting grandparents need a social service system that responds to their needs.As recommended by the Child Welfare confederacy of America (Child Welfare League of America 1994 National Commission on Family Foster Care 1991), following are some of the strategies that are curiously crucial in promoting intergenerational interventions offering services to the parents as well as the grandparents to meet their own needs as caregivers as well as the childs needs, providing adequate pecuniary supports, especially in view of the precarious financial conditions of many grandparents, monitoring the childs placement in kinship care, so as to ensure the childs well-being as well as address the needs of the kinship family, and encouraging practitioners to appreciate and respect each the childs and familys cultural, racial, and ethnic identity.In addition, there needs to be attention to the ongoing psychosocial issues that many parenting grandparents experience as they are faced with their own basic physical, emotional, and financial adjustments (Poe 1992), the interaction between parents and grandparents, with its potential for frustration and conflicts, the issue of permanency planning for children situated with relatives, and the parents own need for help in connection with their own problems as well as their functioning as parents. Various authors consi der these issues in detail. For example, Poe (1992) offers implications for policy and treatment in the situations of black grandparents.Doucette-Dudman and LaCure (1996) present guidelines for helping grandparents and social service professionals cope with the challengesinherent in grandparent parenting. Generations United (1998) offers recommendations and strategies for dealing with economic supports, health care, education, child care, and legal issues in the situations of grandparents and other relatives raising children. Maluccio (1999) describes intergenerational approaches to helping families at risk, such as foster grandparent programs, mentoring of young mothers by elderly persons, and having older adults work with families experiencing child abuse or neglect.Child-Focused and Family-Centered set In perspective of Welfare Lawsociable action Practice requires that we maintain a principal focus on the child within a family-centered context. As discussed more extensively el sewhere, such a focus suggests that, in most cases, the child can best be helped by regarding the family as the central unit of service or focus of attention, whenever and as much as possible. Human beings can best be understood and helped within their significant environment, and the family is the most intimate environment of all. It is here that the child develops and forms her or his identity and basic competence.The family has the potential to provide resources throughout the life cycle, especially as its members are sustained and supported by various services (Germain 1999). The familys own environment can be employed as the arena in which practitioners intervene to help strengthen communication, parenting skills, and parent-child relationships.As reflected throughout this volume, we consider the following guidelines as especially important in implementing child-focused and family-centered practice There is emphasis on prevention and intervention strategies that reduce stress a nd risk and promote coping and resilience in children and families. Practitioners must understand the relationship between race/racenicity and issues such as family norms, child-rearing practices, childhood and family poverty, discrimination, and funding of social services. Assessment and intervention focus on the familys transactions with its kinship system, school, community institutions, and other social networks that affect its functioning. Intervention strategies are directed not only toward engaging the family in treatment but also toward changing the socialsystems that influence it. There is emphasis on case management strategies and community-based approaches that help empower vulnerable clients (Rothman 1994). Many parents can be helped to become rehabilitated or to plan responsibly for their children through family treatment approaches as alternatives to placement of children out of their homes or as methods of speeding up the reunification of placed children with their fa milies. For example, acquit parents of children at risk can be empowered through the use of group training. When children are separated as a result of hospitalization, imprisonment, foster home placement, or residential placement, family ties between them and their families should be preserved as much as possible, through such means as consistent parental visiting. The natural bonds between children in care and their parents may continue to be important for most parents and children long after they are physically separated for either short-term or long-term periods. Foster family, group care, or residential placement of a child should be seen as a part of the overall service rather than as the service-as a tool, rather than as an end in itself. In line with this, there should be efforts to have parents, foster parents, or other child care personnel regard themselves as partners in a shared undertaking, with common goals and mutually supportive and complementary roles. A major sourc e of help often can be the familys extended kinship system. (Danzy and Jackson 1997) as in situations involving parental substance abuse. As some other example, in many cases the extended family, with agency support, can help a parent avert placement or reduce the duration of placement in an unfamiliar setting. Mutual aid groups, such as those for vulnerable adolescents, gay and lesbian youths, sexual abuse survivors, or bereaved children, can be sanative as well as empowering (Gitterman and Shulman 1994).ReferencesAllen, R. I. and C. G. Petr. 1998. Rethinking family-centered practice. American ledger of Orthopsychiatry 684-15.American Humane Association. 1998. Assessing Outcomes in Child Welfare Services Principles, Concepts, and a Framework of encumbrance Indicators. Englewood, Col. AHA, Childrens Division.Benard, B. 1994. Applications of resilience. Paper presented at a conference on the Role of Resilience in Drug Abuse, Alcohol Abuse, and Mental Illness, December 5-6. Washin gton, D.C. Cited in D. Saleebey 1997.Benard, B. 1997. fostering resiliency in children and youth Promoting protective factors in the school. In D. Saleebey, ed., The Strengths Perspective in Social Work, pp. 167-182. 2d ed. New York Longman.Bronfenbrenner, U. 1979. The Ecology of Human Development. Cambridge Harvard University Press.Bronfenbrenner, U. 1986. Ecology of the family as a context for human development Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology 22 (6) 723-742.Cohen, S., and T. A. Wills. 1985. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin 98 (2) 310-357.Maluccio. 1999. The rationalization of foster care in the twenty-first century. In P.A. Curtis, G. Dale Jr., and J. C. Kendall, eds., The Foster Care Crisis Translating Research Into Policy and Practice, pp. 225-242. Lincoln University of Nebraska Press.Danzy, J., and Jackson, S.M. 1997. Family preservation and support services A missed probability for kinship care. Child Welfare 7631-4 4.Doucette-Dudman, D. and J. R. LaCure. 1996. raising Our Childrens Children. Minneapolis Fairview.Everett, J. 1995. Relative foster care An emerging trend in foster care placements policy and practice. Smith College Studies in Social Work 65239-254.Everett, J. E. 1997. Theoretical, policy, research and clinical perspectives for social work practice with African Americans. Special issue. Smith College Studies in Social Work 67 (3) 255-643.Everett, J. E., S. S. Chipungu, and B. R. Leashore, eds. 1991. Child Welfare An Africentric Perspective. New Brunswick, N.J. Rutgers University Press.Fraser, C. 1995. Suffering children and the Christian Science Church. Atlantic Monthly, April, pp. 105-120.Fraser, M. W. 1990. Program outcome measures. In Y.-Y. T. Yuan and M. Rivest, eds., Preserving Families Evaluation Resources for Practitioners and Policymakers, pp. 77-101. Newbury Park, Cal. Sage.Fraser, M. W., ed. 1997a. Risk and Resilience in Childhood An Ecological Perspective. Washington, D .C. NASW.Fraser, M. W. 1997b. The ecology of childhood A multi-systems perspective. In M. W. Fraser, ed., Risk and Resilience in Childhood An Ecological Perspective, pp. 1-9. Washington, D.C. NASW.Generations United.1998. Grandparents and Other Relatives Raising Children An Intergenerational Action Agenda. Washington, D.C. Generations United.Germain, C. B. and M. Bloom. 1999. Human Behavior in the Social Environment An Ecological View. 2d ed. New York Columbia University Press.Germain, C. B. and A. Gitterman. 1996. The Life Model of Social Work Practice Advances in Theory and Practice. 2d ed. New York Columbia University Press.Hegar, R. L. and M. Scannapieco, eds. 1999. Kinship Foster Care Policy, Practice, and Research. New York Oxford University Press.Kagan, S. L. 1995. The changing face of parenting education. ERIC Digest (EDOPS-95-7). Urbana University of Illinois, Clearinghouse on Elementary and archaean Childhood Education.Kagan, S. L. and B. Weissbourd, eds. 1994. Putting Fa milies First Americas FamilyLee, J. A. B. 2000. The Empowerment Approach to Social Work Practice. 2d ed. New York Columbia University Press.Locke, E. A. and S. M. Taylor. 1991. Stress, coping, and the meaning of work. In A. Monat and R.S. Lazarus, eds., Stress and CopingAn Anthology, pp. 140- 157.3d ed. New York Columbia University Press.Pecora, P. J., W. R. Seelig, F. A. Zirps, and S. M. Davis, eds. 1996. Quality Improvement and Evaluation in Child and Family Services Managing Into the Next Century. Washington, D.C. CWLA.Poe, C. G. 1992. Social Work with Children and Their Families Pragmatic Foundations. New York Oxford University Press.Roskies, E. 1991. Stress management A new approach to treatment. In A. Monat and R. S. Lazarus, eds., Stress and CopingAn Anthology, pp. 411-431. 3d ed. New York Columbia University Press.Rothman, J. 1994. Practice with Highly Vulnerable Clients Case attention and Community-Based Service. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall.Rothman, J. C. 1998. Fr om the Front Lines Student Cases in Social Work Ethics. Boston Allyn and Bacon.Rutter, M. 1985. Resilience in the face of adversity Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry147598-611.Saleebey, D., ed. 2002. The Strengths Perspective in Social Work Practice. 3d ed. Boston Allyn and Bacon.Werner, E. E. 1989. High-risk children in young adulthood A longitudinal study from birth to thirty-two years. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 5972-81.Werner, E. E. 1994. Overcoming the odds. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 15131-136.Werner, E. E. 1995. Resilience in development. American Psychological Society 481-85.Whittaker, J. K. and J. Garbarino. 1983. Social Support Networks Informal Helping in the Human Services. New York Aldine de Gruyter.

Advanced Corporate Reporting

A cover uping entity is required to prep argon its fiscal stem base on IASB example and it is so efficacious for antithetic types of users to evaluate the fiscal procedure of the tracking entity and be overreach commensurate decisions. In this essay, the reclaimableness of thoughtual framework in preparing of financial report pull up stakes be discussed. And withal, 2011 one-year report of CLP Holdings special will be re pictureed to further discuss how its soft characteristics of the information ar useful for bundleholders.Finally, one of its qualitative characteristics will be selected to be the closely heavy and a stopping point will be made at the end of this essay. Usefulness of conceptual framework The IASB manakin sets bulge out the definitions and light criteria for the elements of financial avowals. Before the framework was set, companies might use contrary definitions and recognition criteria to recognize their transactions, still it is the l ike nature of transactions. For example, non-current assets throw out be recognized in cost exemplar or brushup model.If in that respect was no framework, a comp whatever might use cost model to recognize its machinery trance revaluation model was used to recognize property. However, the entity is required to be consis ecstasyt to adopt cost model or revaluation model for a long period under the framework. As a result, the framework is useful for consistent account words. Because of the consistency, it is easier to compare the entities performance over time, even performance surrounded by antithetic entities in the same industry.Also, it is easier for the reporting entity to prepare financial rumors, especially in preparing consolidated financial arguings for international entities. or so countries adopt IFRS nowadays. This is an international framework and they butt end use the same definition and recognition criteria when envisioning how to embrace different trans actions such as sales, purchases and valuation of stock. It will reduce the time for arguing the bill treatment of different transactions. Qualitative characteristics of financial reportAs a shareholder, the financial statement should entertain four major qualitative characteristics and these characteristics will be discussed as follow 1. Relevance A relevant financial statement should be predictable and have confirmatory value. It should be able to predict the future of the enterprise and shareholders back bugger off headway a suitable decision found on the statement. In 2011 annual report of CLP Holdings Limited (CLP), in that respect is a danger counsel report which is relevant to shareholders. All entities will probably have different types of risk.Nevertheless, CLP set a risk focussing framework which consists of risk governance structure and risk management service. The risk governance structure states that who will be responsible for dealing with risks and the ris k management process diagram shows how to manage its risks. Additionally, CLP assessed its top tier risks and future challenges so that shareholders can predict how baseless if they ornament in this company. A nonher example of relevance is the trend of earnings and dividends per share in the ult ten years. The trend can champion existing and potential shareholders predict the future performance of CLP.Since 2002, earnings and dividends per share are change magnitude except 2009 shareholders then may predict they can still get an increasing earnings and dividends per share in the overture years and they may be willing to commit much in the enterprise. Last but not least, financial statement of CLP has confirmatory value because of its 5-year compend statement. The figures of the historical five years has already confirmed in the past annual reports. For example, total taxation precipitously increased in 2011 and the main reason is the rising tax from energy business i n Australia.Shareholders may predict that CLP is expanding its business to Australia and the revenue from this segment will continuously rise in the coming hardly a(prenominal) years. Besides the increasing revenue, dividends declared of CLP are very steady and shareholders do not flummox if they cannot apprehend the dividend. Hence, shareholders will evaluate that CLP is worth to invest. 2. Faithful representation A tried financial statement should be prompt in a true and fair mess. That means it should be neutral, free from solid errors, cut and prudence.From the point of auditors view, the financial statement of CLP is brisk in a true and fair view and it complies with Hong Kong financial Reporting Standards (HKFRS) and Hong Kong Companies Ordinance. As the auditors report is clean, it reflects that the financial statement is free from material errors and the major transactions are completely recorded during 2011. On the other hand, CLP has an audit committee which comp rises with five members all of them are autonomous Non-executive Directors (INED) while three of them are members of Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (HKICPA).INED do not enroll in any operation and decision making of the company and do not have any human relationship to the shareholders, so they are not influenced by shareholders and can be no bias in pickax of information putting in the financial report. In addition, the financial report is audited by the three slightly ships company and the opinion can be formed neutrally. Furthermore, the financial report should be prepared in a prudent manner which means assets or revenue cannot be over state whilst liabilities and expenses cannot be underestimated.For CLP, its armoury is stated at a lower cost or net realizable value. Prudence concept is apply when the company prepare its financial statement. 3. Comparability A qualitative financial statement should be comparable, no matter internal or external. Shar eholders must be able to compare the financial performance between different years of the reporting entity and at the same time, they overly are able to compare the financial performance between different companies in the same industry. The financial statement of CLP can fulfill this qualitative characteristic.Besides its statement shows the figures of two years (2010 and 2011), it shows the increasing or decreasing percentage of its revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities in 5-min annual report and economic value section. It gives a clear picture to shareholders to compare between two years. Moreover, the financial report is prepared based on HKFRS, the accounting policy is consistent and because of this, it is easier for shareholders to compare the financial performance between different years. pecuniary statement of CLP can similarly be compared with Power Assets Holdings Limited (HKEL), which is the major competitor of CLP. In 2011, revenue of CLP is about nine times of HK EL and the operating earnings is a double of HKEL. However, profit before taxation of CLP is precisely $1,000 million more than that of HKEL. Shareholders may query why there is only a small difference between profit of both companies and what is happening on the operation of CLP. in that respectfore, they can make a correct decision through the comparison. 4. UnderstandabilityBesides the above three qualitative characteristics, understandability is significant for shareholders too. There are many explanations at the bottom of the financial statement such as a ready guide of its classification of different entities and explanation of indefinite useful life. These further explanations can also help shareholders understand the financial performance of CLP more. As not all shareholders have enough accounting knowledge, more or less of them may not know how to evaluate the performance through income statement and financial position.Thus, statement of silver flow can help them un derstand the performance easier because this statement is prepared in currency stem it clearly reflects the net cash inflows and outflows from different activities. The liquidity and the going concern of CLP can be tacit even if shareholders are lack of accounting knowledge. The items of an understandable financial statement should also be add up and sort out. Revenue in Consolidated Income Statement is aggregated at a lump-sum figure and the outline of the revenue only revealed in the Notes to the financial Statements.Another example is bank loans and other borrowings. An analysis of this item is also revealed in the notes. Bank loans and other borrowings is not only aggregated at a lump-sum figure, but also is classified as a current liabilities with other short liability. In my opinion, incorruptible representation is the most important qualitative characteristic. Users of financial report are not only shareholders, but also lenders, government, suppliers, employees, cus tomers and the public.A financial report is prepared on the basis of true and fair which means that financial report is reliable and can be used under different circumstances. For instance, the entity wants to borrow loan from bank, the bank can cuss on the financial report and estimate the risk of this loan according to accounting ratios and cash flow. For suppliers, when they consider bad credit terms to the company, they can rely on the statement of cash flow and some short-term items like current assets and current liabilities.Furthermore, the financial report must be audited. If the report is not prepared in true and fair view, the annual report will be qualified. As a result, this qualitative characteristic is the most important. Conclusion To sum up, the financial report must be prepared on the basis of the conceptual framework because the framework provides general theories and recognition criteria in preparing financial report. Additionally, a qualitative report should be relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable.Shareholders can predict the future financial performance based on the past events and the forecast of the company. Also, the report can be compared internally and externally and be understood so that shareholders can decide how to invest their money. On the other hand, the most important characteristic is faithful representation. Financial report must be prepared in a true and fair view so that the report can be unqualified and be used appropriately by the community. (Word 1598) citation 1. o CLP HOLDINGS LIMITED, (2012). CLP Group 2011 Annual Report.Available from https//www. clpgroup. com/ourcompany/aboutus/resourcecorner/publications/Pages/publication. aspx Accessed 28. 10. 2012 2. ELLIOTT, Barry & ELLIOTT, Jamie, (2007). Financial Accounting and Reporting. England Pearson Education Limited, pp. 161 181 3. HONG KONG INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED familiar ACCOUNTANTS (HKICPA), (2010). abstract Framework for Financial Reporting 2010. Available from http//app1. hkicpa. org. hk/ebook/index. php Accessed 28. 10. 2012 4. POWER ASSETS HOLDINGS LTD, (2012). Annual Report 2011.Available from http//www. powerassets. com/pahWeb/IR/FinancialReports/AnnualReports/AnnualReport2011_en. htm Accessed 12. 11. 2012 5. PUTHRAN, Santosh, (2009). IASB Framework Financial Statements. Available from http//www. managementaccountant. in/2009/07/iasb-framework-financial-statements. html Accessed 10. 11. 2012 6. VICTORIA UNIVERSITY, MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA, (n. d. ). Conceptual framework. Available from http//www. staff. vu. edu. au/ artificial/ radical%203%20Conceptual%20Framework%201%202002. ppt Accessed 28. 10. 2012Advanced Corporate ReportingA reporting entity is required to prepare its financial report based on IASB framework and it is so useful for different types of users to evaluate the financial performance of the reporting entity and make suitable decisions. In this essay, the usefulness of conceptual framework in preparing of fi nancial report will be discussed. And also, 2011 annual report of CLP Holdings Limited will be reviewed to further discuss how its qualitative characteristics of the information are useful for shareholders.Finally, one of its qualitative characteristics will be selected to be the most important and a conclusion will be made at the end of this essay. Usefulness of conceptual framework The IASB Framework sets out the definitions and recognition criteria for the elements of financial statements. Before the framework was set, companies might use different definitions and recognition criteria to recognize their transactions, even it is the same nature of transactions. For example, non-current assets can be recognized in cost model or revaluation model.If there was no framework, a company might use cost model to recognize its machinery while revaluation model was used to recognize property. However, the entity is required to be consistent to adopt cost model or revaluation model for a lon g period under the framework. As a result, the framework is useful for consistent accounting treatments. Because of the consistency, it is easier to compare the entities performance over time, even performance between different entities in the same industry.Also, it is easier for the reporting entity to prepare financial statements, especially in preparing consolidated financial statements for multinational entities. Most countries adopt IFRS nowadays. This is an international framework and they can use the same definition and recognition criteria when considering how to treat different transactions such as sales, purchases and valuation of stock. It will reduce the time for arguing the accounting treatment of different transactions. Qualitative characteristics of financial reportAs a shareholder, the financial statement should have four major qualitative characteristics and these characteristics will be discussed as follow 1. Relevance A relevant financial statement should be predi ctable and have confirmatory value. It should be able to predict the future of the enterprise and shareholders can make a suitable decision based on the statement. In 2011 annual report of CLP Holdings Limited (CLP), there is a risk management report which is relevant to shareholders. All entities will probably have different types of risk.Nevertheless, CLP set a risk management framework which consists of risk governance structure and risk management process. The risk governance structure states that who will be responsible for dealing with risks and the risk management process diagram shows how to manage its risks. Additionally, CLP assessed its top tier risks and future challenges so that shareholders can predict how risky if they invest in this company. Another example of relevance is the trend of earnings and dividends per share in the past ten years. The trend can help existing and potential shareholders predict the future performance of CLP.Since 2002, Earnings and dividends per share are increasing except 2009 shareholders then may predict they can still get an increasing earnings and dividends per share in the coming years and they may be willing to invest more in the enterprise. Last but not least, financial statement of CLP has confirmatory value because of its 5-year summary statement. The figures of the past five years has already confirmed in the past annual reports. For example, total revenue sharply increased in 2011 and the main reason is the rising revenue from energy business in Australia.Shareholders may predict that CLP is expanding its business to Australia and the revenue from this segment will continuously rise in the coming few years. Besides the increasing revenue, dividends declared of CLP are very steady and shareholders do not worry if they cannot receive the dividend. Hence, shareholders will evaluate that CLP is worth to invest. 2. Faithful representation A reliable financial statement should be prepared in a true and fair view. That means it should be neutral, free from material errors, complete and prudence.From the point of auditors view, the financial statement of CLP is prepared in a true and fair view and it complies with Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards (HKFRS) and Hong Kong Companies Ordinance. As the auditors report is clean, it reflects that the financial statement is free from material errors and the major transactions are completely recorded during 2011. On the other hand, CLP has an audit committee which comprises with five members all of them are Independent Non-executive Directors (INED) while three of them are members of Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (HKICPA).INED do not participate in any operation and decision making of the company and do not have any relationship to the shareholders, so they are not influenced by shareholders and can be no bias in selection of information putting in the financial report. In addition, the financial report is audited by the thir d party and the opinion can be formed neutrally. Furthermore, the financial report should be prepared in a prudent manner which means assets or revenue cannot be overstated whilst liabilities and expenses cannot be underestimated.For CLP, its inventory is stated at a lower cost or net realizable value. Prudence concept is applied when the company prepare its financial statement. 3. Comparability A qualitative financial statement should be comparable, no matter internal or external. Shareholders must be able to compare the financial performance between different years of the reporting entity and at the same time, they also are able to compare the financial performance between different companies in the same industry. The financial statement of CLP can fulfil this qualitative characteristic.Besides its statement shows the figures of two years (2010 and 2011), it shows the increasing or decreasing percentage of its revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities in 5-min annual report and ec onomic value section. It gives a clear picture to shareholders to compare between two years. Moreover, the financial report is prepared based on HKFRS, the accounting policy is consistent and because of this, it is easier for shareholders to compare the financial performance between different years.Financial statement of CLP can also be compared with Power Assets Holdings Limited (HKEL), which is the major competitor of CLP. In 2011, revenue of CLP is about nine times of HKEL and the operating profit is a double of HKEL. However, profit before taxation of CLP is only $1,000 million more than that of HKEL. Shareholders may query why there is only a small difference between profit of both companies and what is happening on the operation of CLP. Therefore, they can make a correct decision through the comparison. 4. UnderstandabilityBesides the above three qualitative characteristics, understandability is important for shareholders too. There are many explanations at the bottom of the f inancial statement such as a quick guide of its classification of different entities and explanation of indefinite useful life. These further explanations can also help shareholders understand the financial performance of CLP more. As not all shareholders have enough accounting knowledge, some of them may not know how to evaluate the performance through income statement and financial position.Thus, statement of cash flow can help them understand the performance easier because this statement is prepared in cash basis it clearly reflects the net cash inflows and outflows from different activities. The liquidity and the going concern of CLP can be understood even if shareholders are lack of accounting knowledge. The items of an understandable financial statement should also be aggregated and classified. Revenue in Consolidated Income Statement is aggregated at a lump-sum figure and the analysis of the revenue only revealed in the Notes to the Financial Statements.Another example is ban k loans and other borrowings. An analysis of this item is also revealed in the notes. Bank loans and other borrowings is not only aggregated at a lump-sum figure, but also is classified as a current liabilities with other short-term liability. In my opinion, faithful representation is the most important qualitative characteristic. Users of financial report are not only shareholders, but also lenders, government, suppliers, employees, customers and the public.A financial report is prepared on the basis of true and fair which means that financial report is reliable and can be used under different circumstances. For instance, the entity wants to borrow loan from bank, the bank can rely on the financial report and estimate the risk of this loan according to accounting ratios and cash flow. For suppliers, when they consider giving credit terms to the company, they can rely on the statement of cash flow and some short-term items like current assets and current liabilities.Furthermore, the financial report must be audited. If the report is not prepared in true and fair view, the annual report will be qualified. As a result, this qualitative characteristic is the most important. Conclusion To sum up, the financial report must be prepared on the basis of the conceptual framework because the framework provides general theories and recognition criteria in preparing financial report. Additionally, a qualitative report should be relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable.Shareholders can predict the future financial performance based on the past events and the forecast of the company. Also, the report can be compared internally and externally and be understood so that shareholders can decide how to invest their money. On the other hand, the most important characteristic is faithful representation. Financial report must be prepared in a true and fair view so that the report can be unqualified and be used appropriately by the community. (Word 1598) Reference 1. o CLP HOLDINGS LIMITED, (2012). CLP Group 2011 Annual Report.Available from https//www. clpgroup. com/ourcompany/aboutus/resourcecorner/publications/Pages/publication. aspx Accessed 28. 10. 2012 2. ELLIOTT, Barry & ELLIOTT, Jamie, (2007). Financial Accounting and Reporting. England Pearson Education Limited, pp. 161 181 3. HONG KONG INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS (HKICPA), (2010). Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010. Available from http//app1. hkicpa. org. hk/ebook/index. php Accessed 28. 10. 2012 4. POWER ASSETS HOLDINGS LTD, (2012). Annual Report 2011.Available from http//www. powerassets. com/pahWeb/IR/FinancialReports/AnnualReports/AnnualReport2011_en. htm Accessed 12. 11. 2012 5. PUTHRAN, Santosh, (2009). IASB Framework Financial Statements. Available from http//www. managementaccountant. in/2009/07/iasb-framework-financial-statements. html Accessed 10. 11. 2012 6. VICTORIA UNIVERSITY, MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA, (n. d. ). Conceptual framework. Available from http //www. staff. vu. edu. au/faux/Topic%203%20Conceptual%20Framework%201%202002. ppt Accessed 28. 10. 2012

Belonging Essay

An several(prenominal)s fundamental interaction with differents and the world around them rotter meliorate their facial expressionings of belonging and acceptance, however happenings of insecurity can lead to isolation and rejection leapinging the experience of belonging. The concept of belonging is feeling connected to a nonher individual, group, dwelling house or object that evokes positive emotions within oneself. In contrast, not belonging leads to feelings of alienation due to a lack of understanding, separation or when forced to embrace unfamiliarity.Through the 1992 icon Strictly dance palace say by Baz Luhrmann, the childrens biography by Beverley McGregor and the punk rock melodic line Perfect by unsophisticated Plan, composers illustrate both concepts of belonging and alienation . Through a range of cinematic and literary proficiencys these composers deliver how an individuals interaction with others and the world around them can enrich and limit their exper iences of belonging. Baz Luhrmann by dint of the film Strictly Ballroom utilizes costuming to suggest isolation as well as belonging and how it can any enrich or limit an individuals experience.This is highlighted in the first scenes when viewers be introduced, through with(predicate) the mocumentary, to the flamboyancy of geniuss from the world of ballroom bounce such as Liz in her trademark gaudy canary dingy outfits, and Shirley Hasting in her pink ball g bears that are matched to her ornate fuchsia eye shadow and lipstick. In contrast the character of Fran is dressed in a shapeless, oversized t-shirt and a souse up of her face shows her course troubled skin free from makeup, wearing a large pair of thick-framed glasses.This immediately segregates her from the rest of the competitors and supporters of Ballroom dancing, signifying to the auditory sense that a lack of interaction with others can severely impact on ones sense of belonging. The break away screen later in th e film where Fran, in normal day clothes dances with Scott and on the other side of the curtain Tina glisten dances in her lurid sequined costume, further shows Frans alienation from the dancing world. However, the numbers she and Scott are dancing to is Doris Days by chance, suggesting that their partnership could possibly work.The shock on Shirleys face and the use of the children as a Greek chorus Fran.. whod have popular opinion also suggest an acceptance of Fran. This is soon dispelled as Fran trips and a low angle shot of Liz and Shirley as they attend to her and tell her to go home reminds the audience who belongs. Shirley and Lizs perception of belonging is enriched through their interaction with each other and their compatibility with the world of ballroom dancing.When Scott is shown by Ricco how to dance the Passo Doble, a close up of his feet in dusty work shoes on bare timber of the floor contrasts with a previous close up of Scotts feet in shiny shoes on a highly po lished floor. However, it is on this rough-hewn timber that Scott finally learns to dance from the heart and his experience of belonging is enriched. You introduce costuming here so sustentation to that your next paragraph is camera shots so do not confuse the two here. You could talk of costuming and flick here but do not discuss camera techniques when that is part of your second discussion of the subject matter text.Similarly aspects of belonging and not belonging and how these feelings can enrich or limit an individuals experience are explored in Beverly McGregor childrens biography Pink Balloons. The protagonist Sky constantly suffers from alienation and rejection from her peers and their parents due to her youthful diagnosis of HIV/ help. This can be seen through symbolism to express Skyes feelings of isolation, when she says to her carer Do you bid my picture, the octopus has nine legs instead of eight, he is crying because he is different to the others.This shows her fe elings of inadequacy due to her inability to interact with the world around her and the limitations she faces in order to become accepted. This can be further verbalized through the somber tone of the protagonist Skye as she relays her grief stating to her mother Mummy, its bad enough having AIDS without everyone staying away from you because they are scared they can get it too. Thus Skyes apparent isolation as can be seen through the discrimination she endures throughout the text, which significantly decreases her chances of interacting with others to enrich her own ain experience of belonging. reside here In contrast, Skyes experiences of belonging are erectd succeeding(a) her election to vice captain in her class as can be seen through the literary technique of a rhetorical question when Skye states they could have picked anybody, but who did they choose? . This highlights Skyes ability to feel a part of the world around her as a result of her eventual acceptance in her clas s, despite the constant stigma attached to her and her contraction of the HIV/AIDS virus.Baz Luhrmann further exhibits belonging and not belonging and its effect on enriching or limiting an individuals experience in Strictly Ballroom through the implementation of camera techniques. This can be seen in the split screen where Fran and Scott are caught dancing unitedly behind the crimson colored show curtains. Fran in an ordinary day dress is juxtaposed with Tina Sparkle in her lurid costume and sequins on the other side of the curtains. Scott and Fran dance to the Doris Day song Perhaps suggesting they could possibly be dance partners.After Fran falls to the ground and is dragged stage left by Shirley battle of Hastings and Liz to the powder room a low angle point of view shot signifies the alienation of Fran. Fran is sitting on a stool and stares up at Mrs. Hastings and Liz showing the obvious superiority Shirleyand Liz feel over Fran. and further highlighted when Liz states youre a beginner Fran, what the hell did you think you were doing? Fran is then left marooned staring up at the huddled group of women representing her separation from the world of ballroom dancing.When Shirley Hastings states, I think it will be better if you just went home and forgot to the highest degree all this nonsense Frans rejection through this scene conveys her inability to enrich her experience of belonging in the world of ballroom dancing. Continue here. In comparison the final dance scene highlights the enrichment of a sense of belonging. This is conveyed through a long shot of the ballroom, which captures the acceptance of Fran and Scotts crowd-pleasing steps, when everybody begins to clap with Doug to enable them to continue their dance.Crosscutting between The Pan Pacific Championships and Frans back yard is also utilized to express the relationship between Fran and Scott and their newfound connection with dancing. Scott no longer dances to win but for the love of the s port and to express the simplicity related to his relationship with Fran. This technique symbolizes that it does not matter where Fran and Scott dance as long as they are dancing together.The implementation of Diagetic backbreaking the Rumba De Burros in the concluding scene expresses the concept of belonging and allows the viewers to develop an understanding of the enrichment of Fran nd Scott when they are accepted in the world of ballroom dancing just the way they are. Additionally the song Perfect by the punk rock band Simple Plan displays how isolation can limit an individuals chance to belong. Perfect encapsulates feelings of worthlessness and insecurity as it explores the concept of rejection from the composers own father quote needed. The use of repetition as can be seen through the words I am sorry, I cant be perfect, and highlights how feeling inadequate can segregate an individual from their world.Repetition is effective as it reinforces the deviation of the composer and provides the audience with a clear understanding of the separation between the writer and his father. The reminiscent nature of the lyrics can be seen through the rhetorical question Did you know, you used to be my hero? , this engages the listener and alerts them to the change in the relationship while expressing the passionate tone of the song and the eventual acceptance of the turbulent relationship by the protagonist.Colloquial language, Hey Dad appeals to a young audience and invites them to have an insight into the father and sons personal life to allow them to understand the transgress that is felt by the son in their dysfunctional relationship. Likewise the song writer constantly uses rhetorical questions to address his father and express his feelings of inadequacy such as Did I grow up, according to your excogitation?. Thus it can be understood that due to the rejection experienced by the lyricist at the transfer of his father it limits his opportunity to experience a se nse of belonging.You need to discuss the music when you talk about a song otherwise you must only talk about it as the lyrics In determination various composers have utilized literary, visual and sound techniques to convey aspects of belonging, and how this can limit or enrich ones reaction to the world around them. Through the analysation of Strictly Ballroom, Pink Balloons and Perfect we can enhance our understanding of belonging and different obstacles that prevent an individual from feeling accepted.